Ethio Construction Engineering

👉Advantages of Reinforced Concrete

💫The several benefits of reinforcement concrete account for its widespread use:

1. Stability and Strength: It combines the tensile strength of steel reinforcement with the compressive qualities of concrete.

2. Durability: Over time, reinforced concrete may tolerate weathering and environmental stressors.

3. Fire Resistance: Because concrete is non-combustible, it offers fire protection.

4. Economical: The necessary supplies are generally accessible and reasonably priced.

5. Versatility: It can be shaped by engineers and architects to meet both structural and aesthetic requirements.
Because of these qualities, reinforced concrete has established a solid reputation as a dependable and environmentally friendly building material.

@etconp

👉In building construction, various types of roofs are used, each with distinct characteristics, advantages, and aesthetic qualities.

💫Here are some common types:

1. Flat Roof:
- Description: A flat roof has a slight pitch to allow for drainage but is mostly horizontal.
- Advantages: It provides usable space for HVAC units, rooftop gardens, or terraces and is easier to construct and maintain.
- Common Uses: Commercial buildings, warehouses, and modern residential homes.

2. Gable Roof:
- Description: A gable roof features two sloping sides that meet at a ridge, creating a triangular shape at each end.
- Advantages: It is efficient for shedding water and snow, provides good ventilation, and is straightforward to design and construct.
- Common Uses: Traditional houses, barns, and many residential buildings.

3. Hip Roof:
- Description: A hip roof has slopes on all four sides, which meet at the top to form a ridge.
- Advantages: Offers better stability in high winds and provides more attic space compared to gable roofs.
- Common Uses: Residential homes and some commercial buildings.

4. Mansard Roof:
- Description: A mansard roof is a four-sided design with two slopes on each side, the lower slope being steeper than the upper.
- Advantages: Maximizes living space in the attic and allows for dormer windows.
- Common Uses: French architecture, historical buildings, and modern homes seeking a classic look.

5. Gambrel Roof:
- Description: Similar to a mansard roof but typically found in barns, a gambrel roof has two slopes on each side, with the lower slope being steeper.
- Advantages: Provides a spacious attic area and is aesthetically pleasing for agricultural buildings.
- Common Uses: Barns and some residential homes.

6. Shed Roof:
- Description: A shed roof is a single-sloping roof that is often used for modern structures.
- Advantages: Simple design, easy to construct, and allows for high ceilings for open spaces.
- Common Uses: Modern homes, garden sheds, and commercial buildings.

7. Butterfly Roof:
- Description: This roof design resembles the shape of a butterfly with two sloping sides that meet in the middle, creating a valley.
- Advantages: Allows for excellent drainage, offers unique aesthetics, and can collect rainwater.
- Common Uses: Modern architecture, eco-friendly buildings, and innovative residential designs.

8. Domed Roof:
- Description: A domed roof is curved and often spherical, allowing for a distinctive appearance.
- Advantages: Provides great structural strength, excellent airflow, and aesthetic appeal.
- Common Uses: Churches, civic buildings, and some modern homes.

9. Skillion Roof:
- Description: A skillion roof is a single sloping roof that is typically used at a steep angle.
- Advantages: Offers high ceilings, good drainage, and a modern look.
- Common Uses: Contemporary homes and additions.

Each roof type can significantly affect the building's overall design, function, and energy efficiency, making the choice of roof an essential aspect of architectural planning.

@etconp

👉የግንባታ ባለሙያዎችን ዋስትና የሚያረጋግጡ አሠራሮች

💫በኮንስትራክሽን ኢንዱስትሪ ተቀጥረው የሚሠሩ ሙያተኞች በሥራቸው ከሚጠይቁት ወይም ማግኘት ከሚፈልጉት ዋስትና ውስጥ በሙያቸው እና በሥራቸው መጠን እየተመዘኑ ገቢ የሚያገኙበትን ዘላቂነት ያለው የሙያ ዋስትናን ማረጋገጥ ነው፡፡

አንድ የኮንስትራክሽን ካምፓኒ በመደበው በጀት እና በተያዘለት ጊዜ ሥራውን ለማጠናቀቅ የሚችለው በሥሩ የቀጠራቸው ሙያተኞች ሥራውን ሳይለቁ ተረጋግተው መሥራት የሚችሉበትን መርኃ ግብር ተግባራዊ ሲያደርግ ነው፡፡

ከዚህ በመነሳት አንድ ካምፓኒ የሠራተኞቹን የሥራ ዋስትና ለማረጋገጥ መከተል ከሚገባው አሠራሮች የሚከተሉትን በቀዳሚነት ይቀመጣሉ፦

ለሠራተኞች የአመራር ኃላፊነትን መስጠት፦

ሙያተኞች በሚሠሩት ሥራ እና የአገልግሎት ዘመን እየተመዘኑ ሊሰሯቸው በሚችሉ የተለያዩ የሥራ ዘርፎች በኃላፊነት እና በአመራር እንዲሠሩ የሚያደርግ ማበረታቻ ማግኘትን ይፈልጋሉ፡፡

አንድ ሙያተኛ ከተመደበበት የሥራ መደብ ውጪ በተጓዳኝ ሊሠራው እና ሊያሠራው በሚችል ሌላ የሥራ ዘርፍ ተመድቦ መሥራት የሚችል ከሆነ፣ ፕሮጀክቱ ቢያልቅ እባረራለው በሚል ፍራቻ ቀደም ብሎ ሥራውን እንዳይለቅ የሚያደርግ ዋስትና ይፈጥርለታል፡፡ በዚህም የተነሳ እስከ ሥራው ማጠናቀቂያ ድረስ ከካምፓኒው ጋር አብሮ ይዘልቃል፡፡

ተጨማሪ የሥራ ዕድሎችን ማመቻቸት፦

የአንድ ካምፓኒ ስም እና ዝና እየጎላ የሚመጣው ከአንድ የበለጠ ፕሮጅክት በግል ወይም በቅንጅት በመያዝ ዘለቄታዊነት ያለው ሥራ ውስጥ መሆኑን ማረጋገጥ ሲችል ነው፡፡ አንድ ሙያተኛም በአንድ የኮንስትራክሽን ካምፓኒ ውስጥ ሲቀጠር ከካምፓኒው ጋር በቀጣይነት የሚቀጥልበት አማራጭ መኖሩን ቀደም ብሎ ማሰላሰሉ አይቀርም፡፡ ከዚህ በመነሳት የተቀጠረበት ካምፓኒ ተጨማሪ ፕሮጅክቶችን መያዙን ካረጋገጠ ሥራውን በትጋት እስከሠራ ድረስ ሥራው ቢያልቅ እንኳ ወደ ሌላ ፕሮጀክቶች እንደሚዘዛወር ስለሚያውቅ ተረጋግቶ ይሠራል፡፡

ሙያተኞችን በሥራ ዕቅዶች ውስጥ ማካተት፦

አንድ የፕሮጅክት ማናጀር በያዘው ፕሮግራም መሰረት ሥራውን ለመሥራት ሲነሳ በእያንዳንዱ የሥራ ሂደት ውስጥ ሙያተኞችን በመሰብሰብ እንዲሁም በማወያየት ሃሳባቸውን እንዲገልጹ ማድረግ ይኖርበታል፡፡

አንድ ሠራተኛ ወይም ሙያተኛ ሥራኸን ብቻ ሥራ ተብሎ በቀጥታ ከሚተላለፍለት ትዕዛዝ ይልቅ በዕቅዱ ላይ ተሳታፊ እንዲሆን በተደረገ ቁጥር የኃላፊነት ስሜት ስለሚሰማው ተረጋግቶ ሥራውን ይሠራል፡፡

ቀጣይ የሥራ ዋስትናውን እና የሚያገኘውን ዕድገት ማሳወቅ፦

አንድ ሙያተኛ በሥራው ላይ በቆየ ቁጥር ተጨማሪ ዕድገት ከማግኘትም በላይ ካምፓኒው ከሚያገኘው የትርፍ ድርሻ መቋደስ ይፈልጋል፡፡

ካምፓኒዎች፣ ሙያተኞች አብረዋቸው እንዲዘልቁ ከፈለጉ ሠራተኞቻቸው በየአመቱ የሚያገኙትን የሥራ እና የኃላፊነት ዕድገት ግልጽ  አድርገው መንገር ይኖርባቸዋል፡፡

ሙያተኛው የሚሠራው ፕሮጅክት ሲጠናቀቅ እና ወደሌላ ፕሮጀክት ሲዘዋወር የሚያገኘው የኃላፊነት እና የዕድገት እርከን በግልጽ ከሰፈረለት፣ ሥራውን በኃላፊነት እና በትጋት በተያዘለት ፕሮግራም መሰረት አጠናቆ የእድገት እርከኑን ለመጨበጥ ከፍተኛ ጥረት ያደርጋል፡፡ ካምፓኒውም በውጥኑ መሠረት ያቀደውን ትርፍ አግኝቶ ወደ በለጠ ትርፍ የሚሸጋገርበት አማራጮችን እየጨመሩ እንዲሄዱ በማድረግ ታማኝነት እና ዝና ያጎናፅፈዋል፡፡

@etconp

👉Top 10 requirements of stair for building

🏷A good stair should provide an easy, quick and safe mode of communication between the various floors of the building.

📜General requirements of good stairs are as mentioned below.

1. LOCATION

It should preferably be located centrally, ensuring sufficient light and ventilation.

2. WIDTH OF STAIR

The width of stairs for public buildings should be 1.8 m and for residential buildings 0.9 m.

3. LENGTH

The flight of the stairs should be restricted to a maximum of 12 and minimum of 3 steps.

4. PITCH OF STAIR

The pitch of long stairs should be made flatter by introducing landing. The slope should not exceed 400 and should not be less than 250.

5. HEAD ROOM

The distance between the tread and soffit of the flight immediately above it, should not be less than 2.1 to 2.3 m. This much of height is maintained so that a tall person can use the stairs with some luggage on its head.

6. MATERIALS

Stairs should be constructed using fire resisting materials. Materials also should have sufficient strength to resist any impact.

7. BALUSTRADE

All open well stairs should be provided with balustrades, to avoid accidents. In case of wide stairs it should be provided with hand rails on both sides.

8. LANDING

The width of the landing should not be less than the width of the stair.

9. WINDERS

These should be avoided and if found necessary, may be provided at lower end of the flight.

10. STEP PROPORTIONS

The ratio of the going and the rise of a step should be well proportioned to ensure a comfortable access to the stair way.

💫Following empirical rules may be followed.

❇️Treads/Goings in cm + 2 (rise in cm) = 60
❇️Treads/Goings in cm x (rise in cm) = 400 to 450 appx.
❇️Treads/Goings in cm + (rise in cm) = 40 to 45 appx.
❇️Standard sizes: Tread 30 cm, Rise 14 cm

⚡️Other combinations of rise and going can be calculated by subtracting 20 mm from going and adding 10 mm to rise.

⭐️Thus other combinations of rise and going would be

▶️Rise 15 cm x Tread 28 cm
▶️Rise 16 cm x Tread 26 cm
▶️Rise 17 cm x Tread 24 cm

💫Generally adopted sizes of steps are:

❇️Public buildings: (27 cm x 15 cm) to (30 x 14 cm)
❇️Residential buildings: 25 cm x 16 cm

@etconp

👉የግንባታ ሠራተኞች ደኀንነትን በመጠበቅ የሚገኙ ትሩፋቶች

💫የኮንስትራክሽን ካምፓኒዎች የሠራተኞቻቸውን ደኀንነት የመጠበቅ ግዴታን በተግባር ሲያረጋግጡ የሚያገኟቸው ትሩፋቶች በርካታ ናቸው፤ ከእዚህ ውስጥ የሚከተሉት ዋና ዋናዎቹ ናቸው፡፡

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ሠራተኞች ከሥራ ገበታ የሚቀሩበትን ድግግሞሽ ይቀነሳል
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አንድ ሠራተኛ ሥራውን ሳያስተጓጉል በየዕለቱ በሥራው ገበታ ላይ ሊገኝ የሚችለው በአእምሮ ሆነ በተክለ ሰውነት ጤናማ ሆኖ ሲገኝ ብቻ ነው፡፡

ሠራተኛው በሥራ ቦታ ላይ ሊከሰቱ የሚችሉ አደጋዎችን የሚከላከልበት የአደጋ መከላከያ መሣሪያዎች እንዲሟሉለት በማድረግ፣ ከስጋት ተጠብቆ ሊንቀሳቀስበት የሚችልበትን መንገድ በማዘጋጀት፣ ፈጣን የሕክምና አገልግሎት የሚያገኝበትን አሠራር በመዘርጋት፣ ሠራተኛው ከሥራ ገበታ የሚቀርበትን ድግግሞሽ እንዳቀንስ እና በአግባቡ ኃላፊነቱን እንዲወጣ ያደርጋል፡፡

፪
ኢኮኖሚያዊ ጠቀሜታውን ይጨምራል
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አንድ ሠራተኛ ሲታመም አስፈላጊን የሕክምና ድጋፍ በፍጥነት የሚያገኝ፣ አደጋ በደረሰበት ጊዜ ሞራሉን የሚጠብቅ ካሣ የሚያገኝ ከሆነ፣ ትኩረቱ ሁሉ ወደ ሥራው ላይ ያደርጋል፡፡ ነገ አንድ አደጋ ወይም በሽታ ቢደርስብኝ ምን እሆናለሁ ከሚል ስጋት ይላቀቃል፡፡ ደህንነቱ የተጠበቀ ሠራተኛ በሥራው ላይ ከፍተኛ ትኩረት ማድረግ ሲጀምር ለኩባንያው የሚያስገኘው ኢኮኖሚያዊ ጥቅም በተመሳሳይ ይጨምራል፡፡ 

፫
ሥራውን እንዳይለቅ የሚያደርግ መተማመኛ ይፈጠራል
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አንድ የኮንስትራክሽን ካምፓኒ አስፈላጊውን ክህሎት የተላበሰ ባለሙያ እንደሚፈልግ ሁሉ፣ አንድ ባለሙያም በሙያው ከሚሰጠው አገልግልት ለዘላቂ ሕይወቱ ዋስትና የሚሆነውን ገቢ፣  ጥቅማጥቅም እና የአገልግልት ክፍያ ማግኘት ቀዳሚ ምርጫው ይሆናል፡፡

በተለያየ የሥራ ዘርፍ የተሰማሩ ኤክስፐርቶች "The Scene of Happiness" በሚል ርዕስ ያቀረቡት የጥናት መረጃ እንደሚያመለክተው፣ አንድ 50 ሺህ ብር ቋሚ ደሞዝ ከሚያገኝ ሠራተኛ ይልቅ፣ በወር 1 ሺህ ብር እየተከፈለው በየዓመቱ የደሞዝ ጭማሪ የሚያገኝ ሠራተኛ የሚሰማው ደስታ ከፍተኛ ነው፡፡ የሰው ልጅ በተፈጥሮው ዘግይቶ ከሚመጣ ከፍተኛ ገቢ ይልቅ፣ ከስር ከስር ተጨማሪ ገቢን ወይም ለውጥን ማየት ይፈልጋል፡፡

በኮንስትራክሽን ኢንዱስትሪ ውስጥ የተሰማሩ ሠራተኞችም በየወሩ ከሚከፈላቸው ደሞዝ ባልተናነሰ፣ በየጊዜው በሚሰጣቸው ጥቅማ ጥቅሞች፣ ቦነሶችን ጨምሮ በመጨረሻም ከሥራው ጨርሰው ሲለቁ በሚያገኙት ካሣ እና ድጎማ ላይ ትኩረት ያደርጋሉ፤ ይህን ፍላጎት የሚያሟላ ካምፓኒ ካገኙ ደግሞ የሚያጓጓ ጥቅም (ደሞዝ) የሚያስገኝ የሥራ ጥያቄ ቢቀርብላቸው እንኳ፣ ሥራቸውን ለቀው ለመሄድ ፈቃደኛ አይሆኑም፡፡  

፬
የካምፓኒውን ስም እና ዝና የጎላ ይሆናል
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ከፍተኛ ስም እና ዝና ያላቸው ድርጅቶች፣ ለሠራተኞቻቸው የሚከፍሉት ደሞዝ፣ ሌሎች የተለያዩ ድርጅቶች ተመሳሳይ ሞያ ላላቸው ሠራተኞች ከሚከፍሉት ደሞዝ ብዙም ልዩነት ያለው አይደለም፡፡ እውነታው ከዚህ ወጪ ባይሆንም፣ ኩባንያዎች በባለሙያዎች ተፈላጊ እንዲሆኑ እና ዝናን እንዲላበሱ የሚያደርጋቸው ለሠራተኞቻቸው በሚሰጡት ድጎማ፣ የደህንነት ጥበቃ፣ ጉርሻ እና ካሣ ከፍተኛነት የተነሳ ነው፡፡ ሠራተኛው እነዚህን ከፍተኛ ጥቅማ ጥቅሞች የሚያገኘው ሥራውን በአግባቡ ሲወጣ እና ካምፓኒው ትርፋማ ከሆነ ብቻ መሆኑን በአግባቡ ስለሚረዳ፣ ለሥራው ያለው ጉጉት እና ተነሻሽነት ከፍተኛ ይሆናል፡፡

@etconp

👉“Recovery schedules in construction”

💫Recovery schedules are not just updated programs—they're your strategic response to delay, and a commitment to realignment.

🏷Here are the key steps to prepare a proper Recovery Schedule:

1. Remove the Assigned Baseline

⏺Detach the current baseline to allow a clean slate for schedule modifications.

2. Incorporate Approved Scope Changes

⏺Reflect any client-approved changes in the schedule that impact the timeline or resources.

3. Fix Out-of-Sequence Activities

⏺Review the logic and correct any activities that are not following a logical sequence.

4. Adjust Project and Milestone Dates

⏺Use schedule compression techniques like crashing (more resources) or fast-tracking (parallel activities) to meet revised deadlines.

5. Update Remaining Early Start Dates

⏺Reset early start dates of in-progress activities to reflect a realistic continuation from the current data date.

6. Cost Loading (if applicable)

⏺Adjust or include cost data for relevant activities to maintain alignment between cost and schedule.

7. Fix Remaining Durations

⏺Eliminate decimal durations to simplify calculations and enhance clarity.

8. Update Actual Start Dates

⏺Make sure all actual start dates are accurate for in-progress tasks based on current progress.

9. Perform Global Changes

⏺Apply logical, approved global changes to clean up the schedule and align planned vs actual durations and dates.

10. Monitor and Iterate

⏺Continuously review performance against the recovery schedule and adjust based on new developments or risks.

🔰Tip: Always support your recovery schedule with a narrative explaining what changed, how recovery will be achieved, and why the revised plan is credible.

Via Yonatan Tadesse(PMP)®️

@etconp