Question: What was one of the key postulates of Dalton's Atomic Theory?
Answer: The postulate of Dalton's Atomic Theory that atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.
Explanation: Dalton's theory suggested that elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds, emphasizing the conservation of mass and the fundamental nature of atoms.

Question: Which subatomic particle was discovered through the cathode ray tube experiment?
Answer: The electron.
Explanation: The cathode ray tube experiment led to the discovery of electrons, negatively charged subatomic particles.

Question: The discovery of the nucleus was attributed to:
Answer: Rutherford.
Explanation: Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed the existence of the nucleus, a dense, positively charged center of an atom.

Question: What is the charge of a neutron?
Answer: Neutral (0).
Explanation: Neutrons are electrically neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question: Which model of the hydrogen atom successfully explained atomic spectra?
Answer: Bohr Model.
Explanation: The Bohr Model introduced quantized energy levels and explained atomic spectra, especially for hydrogen.

Question: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states:
Answer: It is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously.
Explanation: This principle highlights the limitations in simultaneously determining the exact position and momentum of a particle.

Question: How many quantum numbers are needed to describe an electron in an atom?
Answer: 4.
Explanation: Quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) are required to describe the unique quantum state of an electron in an atom.

Question: What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 3p subshell?
Answer: 6.
Explanation: The 3p subshell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons due to its three degenerate p orbitals.

Question: According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, no two electrons in an atom can have the same:
Answer: Spin quantum number.
Explanation: The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers, including the spin.

Question: Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Answer: Covalent.
Explanation: Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Question: What is the geometry around a carbon atom in a molecule with sp³ hybridization?
Answer: Tetrahedral.
Explanation: In sp³ hybridization, the carbon atom adopts a tetrahedral geometry with four equivalent sp³ hybrid orbitals.

Question: Metallic bonding is characterized by:
Answer: A "sea" of delocalized electrons.
Explanation: Metallic bonding involves the sharing of delocalized electrons among metal atoms, leading to high electrical conductivity.

Question: The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases assumes that:
Answer: Gas particles are in constant motion.
Explanation: The theory posits that gas particles are in continuous random motion, colliding with each other and the container walls.

Question: Boyle's Law describes the relationship between:
Answer: Pressure and Volume.
Explanation: Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.

Question: Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
Answer: Liquid.
Explanation: Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container due to weak intermolecular forces.

Question: The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by:
Answer: Concentration of reactants, temperature, and presence of catalysts.
Explanation: Reaction rate is influenced by factors like reactant concentration, temperature, and the presence of catalysts that alter the reaction pathway.

Question: Reversible reactions reach a state of equilibrium when:
Answer: The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
Explanation: At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to a dynamic balance in the system.