Ethio Freshman Community EFC 🇪🇹

Communicative English II
Vocabulary 
by chapter
Unit 1   join @ethiofreshman201
well-being - healthy or happy
self-awareness - conscious knowledge, feeling, motives, and desires
peer pressure - influence from members of one’s peer group
self-efficacy - efficiency + effectivness, speed + quality

How fast and how well you do something
self-esteem - The  quality we give ourself
framed - formed, seen, considered
innumerable - too many
core - core, main, central
kinship - blood relationship
pursue - to follow
UNIT 2  join @ethiofreshman201
ravage - to cause severe and extensive damage
insidious - proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects
afflict - to cause pain or suffering
invariably - always
debilitate - to weaken
offensive - causing resentment or anger
inevitable - certain to happen; unavoidable
vital - absolutely necessary
vulnerable - susceptible to harm or injury
abundant - existing or available in large quantities
toxicity - the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals
dilution - the action of making a liquid less concentrated
potency - the power or effectiveness of something
dispense - to distribute or administer something
1.concentration =  Toxicity
2similarly = . Invariably
3. important = Vital
4. deceptive = Insidious/bad
5.  give out  = Dispense
6. consequences = Potency

Unit 3 join @ethiofreshman201
changed completely - altered drastically/transformed
fell very dramatically - demolish very radically/plumpted
reject - discard/refute
uncontrolled - unrestrained/rampant
very serious - sever conditions/acute
strangely and worryingly - strangely/eerily

UNIT 4 join @ethiofreshman201
unconvincing - persuasive
discord - solidarity
restricted - unrestrained/helped/improved/empowered
increase - reduce
peculiar - global                                      

📔📔Simple Notes from Unit One: The Nature of Entrepreneurship

1️⃣Introduction to Entrepreneurship

- Origin of the Term: The word "entrepreneur" originates from the French word "entreprendre," meaning to undertake. Initially, it referred to individuals managing large projects.

- Definition: Entrepreneurship involves undertaking certain projects with specific objectives. It's about creating new value through the entrepreneurial process.

Chapter Objectives

By the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
1. Define entrepreneurship and entrepreneur.
2. Identify types of entrepreneurs.
3. Recognize the role of entrepreneurship in the economy.
4. Analyze entrepreneurial competences.
5. Understand creativity and innovation.

2️⃣Historical Origin of Entrepreneurship

- Ancient Period: Entrepreneurs managed large commercial projects with resources provided to them.
- 17th Century: Entrepreneurs entered contracts with the government to provide goods/services at a fixed price, bearing any profit or loss.
- 18th Century: Richard Cantillon's theory defined entrepreneurs as risk-takers. The distinction between the entrepreneurial role and the capital provider emerged, leading to the concept of venture capitalists.
- Late 19th and Early 20th Century: Entrepreneurs were seen as organizers and operators of enterprises for personal gain.
- Mid-20th Century: Entrepreneurs were viewed as innovators, reforming production patterns through new technologies or ideas.

🔑Key Concepts

🌟Entrepreneur: An individual who undertakes projects, creating new value.
🌟Entrepreneurship: The process of creating something new and valuable.
🌟 Entrepreneurial Process: The means through which new value is created.
🌟Entrepreneurial Mindset: Possessing qualities and skills necessary for successful entrepreneurship.

3️⃣Roles and Types of Entrepreneurs

- Types of Entrepreneurs: Various classifications exist, including👨‍🦰 individual entrepreneurs,😎 intrapreneurs (those who innovate within organizations), and 🏠organizational entrepreneurs (those who lead new initiatives within a company).

4️⃣Importance of Entrepreneurship

💰Economic Development: Entrepreneurs play a crucial role in economic development by creating jobs, driving innovation, and fostering competition.
💡Creativity and Innovation: Entrepreneurship is closely linked with creativity and innovation, which are essential for business success and economic growth.

↩️Summary

Entrepreneurship involves creating something different and better, adding value to customers. Successful entrepreneurs need an entrepreneurial mindset, which includes the qualities and skills necessary to navigate the entrepreneurial environment and process   .

📢 Department tip

✳️ Pharmacy | ፋርማሲ

💊🦠ፋርማሲ ከ other health ውስጥ የሚገኝ ሲሆን በአድሱ የትምህርት ስርአት freshman course ጨምሮ የ5 አመት ትምህርት ነው ።
ፋርማሲ ስትገቡ የምትማሯቸው ኮርሶች mostly chemistry ነክ around [ 60%] ,biological around [25%] እና ሌሎችም አሉ ።ስለዚህ chemistry የሚወድና አንባቢ ተማሪ በብቃት ይወጣዋል።
🔬ፋርማሲ ስትማሩ የሚያስደስቱ ነገሮች ፦

የመድሃኒት ቅመማ በላብላቶሪ ትሰራላችሁ ፤ ከባህላዊ ህክምናና ከእፅዋት እንዴት መድሃኒት ማግኘት እንደምትችሉ  ታውቃላችሁ  ፤ በላብላቶሪ ውስጥ lotion, cream, gel, shampoo, sanitaizer....የመሳሰሉትን ኮስሞቲክስ ታመርታላችሁ ፤መድሃኒትን አይጥ ላይ በመውጋት ትመራመራላችሁ ወዘተ....

💊በፋርማሲ ስትመረቁ ምን ትሰራላችሁ? ገቢውስ እንዴት ነው ?

1, clinical pharmacy የሚባለው እ hospital ውስጥ ተቀጥራችሁ

2,🧪💊🧫pharmaceutical company የመድሃኒት ፋብሪካና በተወሰነ መልኩ የኮስሞቲክስ ፋብሪካ ጋር

3,🛣 የመድሃኒትና የምግብ ቁጥጥር ማለትም ወደ ሀገር የሚገቡና የሚወጡትን መፈተሽ

4, 🏠በግላችሁ community pharmacy በመክፈት በተለይ ቤተሰቦቻችሁ በገንዘብ የሚያግዟችሁ ከሆነ በጣም አዋጭ ነው።

5, 🔬💉🩺የማንኛውንም የህክምና መድሃኒትና ቁሳቁስ በ pharmacist ቁጥጥር ስር ነው የሚገዛው (የሚቀርበው) ስለዚህ እዛ ላይም የናንተ ሙያ አለ።

6, 🧬የ fingerprint,forensics, food toxicity,drug toxicity,.....የመሳሰሉትን የወንጀል ምርመራ ላይ መስራት ይቻላል ።

7, 🦠💉እኛ ሀገር ብዙም ባይኖር የመድሃኒት ጥናትና ምርምር ላይም ትሰራላችሁ

🚗ስለ ገቢው፦ እውነቱን ለመናገር በፋርማሲ ትምህርት  ከተመረቃችሁ በኋላ ስለ ገንዘብ አያሳስባችሁም ። እያጋነንኩ አይደለም ከቻላችሁበት በጣም ባለሀብት ትሆናላችሁ ። ስለ ፋርማሲ ብትጠይቁ ቀድመው የሚነግሯችሁ businesses ነውና እሱ አያሳስባችሁ ።

📌ስራ ላላገኝ እችላለሁ? እንደማንኛውም የጤና ተማሪ ከhospital,ጤና ጣቢያ ትሰራላችሁ plus ሌላ አማራጭ በግል ትሰራላችሁ ወይም ከላይ ከ ተራ  ቁጥር 2-7 ያሉት አማራጮች አሉላችሁ ።

📗ትምህርቱ ከባድ ወይስ ቀላል? pharmacy ከ medicine በመቀጠል የሚመደብ ስለሆነ ከበድ ይላል ነገር ግን chemistry,biology and labolatory ነክ ትምህርቶች ለሚሰራና ለሚያነብ ተማሪ በቀላሉ ማለፍ ይችላል ። እንደዬ ዩንቨርስቲው ቀለል ባለ መልኩ የሚያስተምሩም አሉ ። ስለዚህ ጠንከር ያለ ተማሪ ቢሆን የተሻለ ውጤት ያመጣል።

በአጠቃላይ ፋርማሲ ከሌሎች የጤና ዘርፎች ለየት የሚያደርገው ብዙ የስራ መስኮች ያሉትና ጥሩ የሚባል ክፍያ የሚገኝበት መሆኑ ነው።

ስለ ፊልድ መረጣ በተመለከተ እንደ medicine ገና የመጀመሪያ ሴሜስተር ኮርስ እንደጨረሳችሁ ነው ። ሌሎች other health ግን 1ኛ አመት ከጨረሳችሁ በኋላ ነው።

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📚••𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐮𝐬,👇👇👇
 https://t.me/EthioFreshman201

✔ ለ1ኛ ዓመት ተማሪዎች ስለ #Grade እና Grade አሰራር ትንሽ ነገር እንበላችሁ።

A+ 👉🏾100-90👉🏾4
A   👉🏾89-85 👉🏾4
A-  👉🏾84-80 👉🏾3.75
B+ 👉🏾79-75 👉🏾3.5
B   👉🏾74-70 👉🏾3
B-  👉🏾69-65 👉🏾2.75
C+ 👉🏾64-60 👉🏾2.5
C   👉🏾59-50 👉🏾2
C-  👉🏾49-45 👉🏾1.75
D   👉🏾44-40 👉🏾1
Fx 👉🏾39-35 👉🏾Final Exam ድጋሜ መፈተን ይቻላል። ግን ተመልሶ Fx ከሆነ Fxሱ ወደ F ይለወጣል።
F  👉🏾 35-0  👉🏾 በሚመጣው ዓመት (Nex Year) Courseን ድጋሜ እንደ አዲስ ይወሰዳል።

የGrade አሰራር
ሁሉም Grade በ Credit Hour ተባዝቶ ከዛ አንድ ላይ ተደምሮ በሴሚስተሩ ተማሪዉ በወሰደዉ Credit Hour ይካፈላል።
Example

"A" ቢሆን Gradeዱ እና የCourseሱ Credit Hour 5 ቢሆን
4×5=20
If The other course Grade is "A-" and the Credit Hour is 5
3.75×5=18.75
If The third course Grade is "B" and the Credit Hour is 3
3×3=9

So the Grade of this student will be
20+18.75+9=47.75
5+5+3=13 (Credit Hour)
47.75÷13=3.67 or (B+)
ስለዚህ ይሄ ተማሪ በሴሚስተር 3.67 or (B+) አመጣ ይባላል።

Then for law

ለህክምና መግቢያ ፈተና አንዳንድ የ CoC ፈተናዎች መረጃ

ይህ መረጃ የባለፉት አመታት ተፈታኞኝ ያጋሩን ነው!
Coc ፈተና የምትወስዱ ተማሪዎች react አድርጉ ሌሎችም መረጃወች አሉን
Show Us your presence🤗

🔆ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY✅
the CoC exam don't contain Maths, Chemistry, Physics or other subjects. The exam contained questions from general Biology, some current issues happening now and major medical events in Ethiopia.
1.What to study?

don't confuse with many sources and we recommend you the following...

A) Grade 9 and 10 human biology
     -Circulatory system
     -Digestive system
     -Respiratory system
     -Sense organ(ear,eye,,,,)
     -Reproductive system(eg:there was question that asks about menstrual cycle)
     - Ethiopian scientists
     -Diseases general cause(viral,bacterial, fungal etc) and mode of transmission
Plus some topics from G-11 & 12
   e.g  -Basic genetics

B)Medical history of Ethiopia
We have been asked:
   Eg:-The first doctor in Ethiopia
        - The first euro center hospital in Ethiopia
        - Which hospital was named after patriots who sacrificed their life in fighting  the fascist Italy .
        -The first cardio-thoracic specialized center

C) Burning issues of the time
# COVID-19:- origin
                   -symptoms
                   -mode of transmission
                   -variants of the virus(eg:delta virus)
                      vaccines(eg:Astrazeneca)
# GERD
Electric  Power interms of megawatts generated by the dam -6000MW

D)History of Ethiopia
Significant events that took place in Ethiopian history
   Eg: Adwa(we took the exam on the month where adwa was celebrated)
There was a question that says which event took place in yekatit(we took the exam on the month yekatit),

E)Health institutions
eg:WHO Director-General?(appeared on our exam)
        Dr. Tewdros Adhanom G/eyesus

F)Others
   eg ;Current politics
        Legal drinking age :21 ... etc

J
@ethiofreshman201
@ethiofreshman201
@ethiofreshman201