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ከዘጠነኛ ክፍል unit 2 biology ኢንትራንስ ላይ ሊወጡ የሚችሉ ጥያቄዎች ።

1. What is the outermost layer of a bacterial cell called?
   A) Capsule
   B) Cell wall
   C) Cytoplasm
   D) Cell membrane

2. Which structure is responsible for bacterial movement?
   A) Pili
   B) Flagella
   C) Ribosomes
   D) Nucleus

3. What is the function of the cytoplasm in bacteria?
   A) Reproduction
   B) Protein synthesis
   C) DNA replication
   D) Cell structure maintenance

4. Which structure allows bacteria to exchange genetic material?
   A) Capsule
   B) Plasmids
   C) Cell wall
   D) Nucleus

5. Which structure is responsible for bacterial respiration?
   A) Vacuole
   B) Mitochondria
   C) Cell wall
   D) Mesosome

6. What is the function of the cell membrane in bacteria?
   A) Cellular transport
   B) Cell division
   C) DNA replication
   D) Protein synthesis

7. Which structure is responsible for bacterial reproduction?
   A) Plasmid
   B) Flagellum
   C) Ribosome
   D) Nucleus

8. What is the function of ribosomes in bacteria?
   A) Cellular respiration
   B) Genetic material storage
   C) Protein synthesis
   D) Cell division

9. Which structure protects bacteria from the host's immune system?
   A) Capsule
   B) Cell wall
   C) Pili
   D) Nucleus

10. What is the function of the nucleoid region in bacteria?
    A) Cell division
    B) Energy production
    C) DNA storage
    D) Protein synthesis

11. Which structure forms a protective layer around the bacterial cell?
    A) Capsule
    B) Plasmids
    C) Flagellum
    D) Nucleus

12. What is the function of the cell wall in bacteria?
    A) Cellular respiration
    B) Cell division
    C) Reproduction
    D) Protection

13. Which structure contains the genetic material in bacterial cells?
    A) Cytoplasm
    B) Pili
    C) Capsule
    D) Nucleoid region

14. What is the function of the mesosome in bacteria?
    A) Protein synthesis
    B) Energy production
    C) Reproduction
    D) Cellular transport

15. Which structure helps bacteria adhere to surfaces?
    A) Pili
    B) Flagellum
    C) Ribosome
    D) Nucleus

16. What is the function of the capsule in bacteria?
    A) Protection
    B) Cell division
    C) DNA replication
    D) Protein synthesis

17. Which structure is responsible for storing excess nutrients in bacteria?
    A) Capsule
    B) Nucleus
    C) Vacuole
    D) Flagellum

18. What is the function of the plasmids in bacteria?
    A) Cellular respiration
    B) Protection
    C) Genetic exchange
    D) DNA synthesis

19. Which structure is responsible for bacterial digestion?
    A) Vacuole
    B) Lysosome
    C) Cell wall
    D) Mesosome

20. What is the function of pili in bacteria?
    A) Cellular respiration
    B) Genetic exchange
    C) Cell division
    D) Protein synthesis

Answers ✅

1. A) Capsule
2. B) Flagella
3. B) Protein synthesis
4. B) Plasmids
5. D) Mesosome
6. A) Cellular transport
7. D) Nucleus
8. C) Protein synthesis
9. A) Capsule
10. C) DNA storage
11. A) Capsule
12. D) Protection
13. D) Nucleoid region
14. B) Energy production
15. A) Pili
16. A) Protection
17. C) Vacuole
18. C) Genetic exchange
19. B) Lysosome
20. B) Genetic exchange


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1. Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c²

2. Quadratic formula: x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a

3. Distance formula: d = √((x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²)

4. Slope-intercept form of a line: y = mx + b

5. Point-slope form of a line: y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)

6. Midpoint formula: ((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2)

7. Law of sines: a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C

8. Law of cosines: c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos C

9. Sum of angles in a triangle: A + B + C = 180°

10. Area of a triangle: A = (1/2)bh

11. Volume of a sphere: V = (4/3)πr³

12. Volume of a cylinder: V = πr²h

13. Volume of a cone: V = (1/3)πr²h

14. Surface area of a sphere: A = 4πr²

15. Surface area of a cylinder: A = 2πr² + 2πrh

16. Surface area of a cone: A = πr² + πrs, where s is the slant height

17. Binomial theorem: (a + b)ⁿ = Σ(n choose k)a^(n-k)b^k, where Σ is the sum from k=0 to n, and (n choose k) is the binomial coefficient

18. Fundamental theorem of calculus: ∫a^b f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a), where F is the antiderivative of f

19. Derivative of a constant: d/dx(c) = 0

20. Power rule for derivatives: d/dx(xⁿ) = nx^(n-1)

21. Product rule for derivatives: d/dx(fg) = f'g + fg'

22. Quotient rule for derivatives: d/dx(f/g) = (f'g - fg')/g²

23. Chain rule for derivatives: d/dx(f(g(x))) = f'(g(x))g'(x)

24. Mean value theorem: if f is continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b), then there exists c in (a,b) such that f'(c) = (f(b) - f(a))/(b-a)

25. Intermediate value theorem: if f is continuous on [a,b], then for any y between f(a) and f(b), there exists c in [a,b] such that f(c) = y

26. Rolle's theorem: if f is continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b), and if f(a) = f(b), then there exists c in (a,b) such that f'(c) = 0

27. Integration by substitution: ∫f(g(x))g'(x) dx = ∫f(u) du, where u = g(x)

28. Integration by parts: ∫u dv = uv - ∫v du

29. L'Hopital's rule: if lim(x → a) f(x)/g(x) = 0/0 or ∞/∞, then lim(x → a) f(x)/g(x) = lim(x → a) f'(x)/g'(x)

30. Taylor series: f(x) = Σ(n=0 to ∞) f^(n)(a)/n!(x-a)^n, where f^(n) is the nth derivative of f

31. Euler's formula: e^(ix) = cos(x) + i sin(x)

32. De Moivre's theorem: (cos x + i sin x)^n = cos(nx) + i sin(nx)

33. Fundamental trigonometric identities: sin² x + cos² x = 1, 1 + tan² x = sec² x, 1 + cot² x = csc² x

34. Double angle formulas: sin 2x = 2sin x cos x, cos 2x = cos² x - sin² x, tan 2x = (2tan x)/(1 - tan² x)

35. Half angle formulas: sin(x/2) = ±√((1 - cos x)/2), cos(x/2) = ±√((1 + cos x)/2), tan(x/2) = ±√((1 - cos x)/(1 + cos x))

36. Sum-to-product formulas: sin A + sin B = 2sin((A+B)/2)cos((A-B)/2), cos A + cos B = 2cos((A+B)/2)cos((A-B)/2), sin A - sin B = 2cos((A+B)/2)sin((A-B)/2), cos A - cos B = -2sin((A+B)/2)sin((A-B)/2)

37. Product-to-sum formulas: cos A cos B = (1/2)(cos(A-B) + cos(A+B)), sin A sin B = (1/2)(cos(A-B) - cos(A+B)), sin A cos B = (1/2)(sin(A+B) + sin(A-B)), cos A sin B = (1/2)(sin(A+B) - sin(A-B))

38. Hyperbolic functions: sinh x = (e^x - e^-x)/2, cosh x = (e^x + e^-x)/2, tanh x = sinh x/cosh x

39. Inverse trigonometric functions: arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x

40. Logarithmic identities: log(xy) = log x + log y, log(x/y) = log x - log y, log x^n = n log x

41. Exponential identities: e^x+y = e^x e^y, (e^x)^n = e^(nx), e^0 = 1

42. Binomial coefficients: (n choose k) = n!/(k!(n-k)!)

43. Pascal's triangle: each entry is the sum of the two entries above it

44. Fermat's little theorem: if p is a prime and a is not divisible by p, then a^(p-1) ≡ 1 (mod p)

45. Chinese remainder theorem: if m₁, m₂, ..., mₙ are pairwise coprime integers and a₁, a₂, ..., aₙ are any integers, then there exists an integer x that satisfies the system of congruences x ≡ a₁ (mod m₁), x ≡ a₂ (mod m₂), ..., x ≡ aₙ (mod mₙ)

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