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Multiple Choice Questions on the Respiratory System

1. The primary function of the respiratory system is to:
• a) Transport nutrients
• b) Exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
• c) Filter blood
• d) Regulate body temperature

2. The main organs of the respiratory system are the:
• a) Heart and blood vessels
• b) Stomach and intestines
• c) Lungs
• d) Kidneys and bladder

3. Air enters the respiratory system through the:
• a) Esophagus
• b) Trachea
• c) Pharynx
• d) Nose and mouth

4. The structure that prevents food from entering the trachea is the:
• a) Larynx
• b) Bronchus
• c) Epiglottis
• d) Alveolus

5. The trachea is commonly referred to as the:
• a) Windpipe
• b) Food pipe
• c) Voice box
• d) Air sac

6. The trachea branches into two:
• a) Bronchioles
• b) Alveoli
• c) Bronchi
• d) Pleura

7. Within the lungs, the bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called:
• a) Trachea
• b) Bronchioles
• c) Alveoli
• d) Pleura

8. The tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs are called:
• a) Bronchi
• b) Bronchioles
• c) Alveoli
• d) Pleura

9. The process of breathing in is known as:
• a) Expiration
• b) Inhalation
• c) Ventilation
• d) Diffusion

10. The process of breathing out is known as:
• a) Inhalation
• b) Ventilation
• c) Expiration
• d) Perfusion

11. The dome-shaped muscle that contracts during inhalation is the:
• a) Intercostal muscle
• b) Sternum
• c) Diaphragm
• d) Pectoralis

12. During inhalation, the volume of the chest cavity:
• a) Decreases
• b) Increases
• c) Remains the same
• d) Varies

13. During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs:
• a) Decreases
• b) Increases
• c) Remains the same
• d) Becomes zero

14. The exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood occurs through the process of:
• a) Active transport
• b) Osmosis
• c) Diffusion
• d) Filtration

15. Oxygen is carried in the blood primarily by:
• a) Plasma
• b) White blood cells
• c) Platelets
• d) Hemoglobin

16. The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs is the:
• a) Aorta
• b) Pulmonary artery
• c) Pulmonary vein
• d) Vena cava

17. The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart is the:
• a) Aorta
• b) Pulmonary artery
• c) Pulmonary vein
• d) Vena cava

18. The gas that is a waste product of cellular respiration and is exhaled is:
• a) Oxygen
• b) Nitrogen
• c) Carbon dioxide
• d) Helium

19. The voice box is also known as the:
• a) Trachea
• b) Pharynx
• c) Larynx
• d) Epiglottis

20. The structure that warms and moistens inhaled air is the:
• a) Alveoli
• b) Bronchioles
• c) Nasal cavity
• d) Trachea

21. The thin membrane that surrounds each lung is called the:
• a) Pericardium
• b) Pleura
• c) Peritoneum
• d) Meninges

22. The main muscle involved in breathing is the:
• a) Pectoralis Major
• b) Intercostals
• c) Deltoid
• d) Diaphragm

23. The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing is known as:
• a) Residual volume
• b) Vital capacity
• c) Tidal volume
• d) Inspiratory reserve volume

24. The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled is known as:
• a) Residual volume
• b) Tidal volume
• c) Vital capacity
• d) Expiratory reserve volume

25. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation is known as:
• a) Tidal volume
• b) Vital capacity
• c) Residual volume
• d) Inspiratory reserve volume

26. The rate of breathing is primarily controlled by the:
• a) Kidneys
•b) Liver
• c) Brainstem
• d) Spinal cord

27. The level of which gas primarily affects the breathing rate?
• a) Oxygen
• b) Nitrogen
• c) Carbon dioxide
• d) Helium