Grade 9th Biology on cel structure and function
1. Cell Wall: A rigid layer that provides structural support and protection to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria. Composed mainly of cellulose in plants.
2. Cell Membrane: A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
3. Cytoplasm: The jelly-like fluid within the cell that holds organelles in place and is the site for many metabolic processes.
4. Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
5. Chloroplast: Organelles found in plant cells and some protists that conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
6. Lysosome: A membrane-bound organelle containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
7. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, involved in the synthesis of proteins that are secreted or membrane-bound.
- Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
8. Golgi Body (Golgi Apparatus): A series of flattened membranes that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
9. Centrioles: Cylindrical structures that play a role in cell division, helping to organize the mitotic spindle.
10. Plastids: Organelles involved in the synthesis and storage of food; include chloroplasts (for photosynthesis) and chromoplasts (for pigment storage).
11. Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.
12. Nucleolus: A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.
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@ShewaferaGetaneh
@ShewaferaGetaneh
1. Cell Wall: A rigid layer that provides structural support and protection to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria. Composed mainly of cellulose in plants.
2. Cell Membrane: A semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
3. Cytoplasm: The jelly-like fluid within the cell that holds organelles in place and is the site for many metabolic processes.
4. Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
5. Chloroplast: Organelles found in plant cells and some protists that conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
6. Lysosome: A membrane-bound organelle containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
7. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, involved in the synthesis of proteins that are secreted or membrane-bound.
- Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
8. Golgi Body (Golgi Apparatus): A series of flattened membranes that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
9. Centrioles: Cylindrical structures that play a role in cell division, helping to organize the mitotic spindle.
10. Plastids: Organelles involved in the synthesis and storage of food; include chloroplasts (for photosynthesis) and chromoplasts (for pigment storage).
11. Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.
12. Nucleolus: A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
@ShewaferaGetaneh
@ShewaferaGetaneh