Geography Grade 12th population related Formula
1. Population Density
Population Density = Total Population / Total Area
1.1. Agricultural Density = Agrarian population/Arable land
1.2. Urban Density = Urban population/ Urban area
2. Population Growth Rate
BR_DR+/_NMR. OR
Growth Rate = Population at End of Period - Population at Start of Period / Population at Start of Perio} × 100

3. Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
RNI = Birth Rate - Death Rate

4. Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
CBR = Number of Live Births in a Year / Total Populatio} × 1000

5. Crude Death Rate (CDR)
CDR = Number of Deaths in a Year / Total Populatio} × 1000

6. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
TFR = ∑ᵢ₌₁ⁿ Age-specific Fertility Rateᵢ

(Where n is the number of age groups)

7. Net Migration Rate (NMR)
NMR = Imigration_Emigration rete/ Total Populatio} × 1000

8. Dependency Ratio
Dependency Ratio = Population Aged 64 / Population Aged 15-64} × 100
9. Sex ratio =Male/Female ×100

10. Life Expectancy

• Concept: Average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality rates.

11. Doubling Time
Doubling Time (in years) = 70 / Growth Rate (%}

12. Population Projection
Pₜ = P₀(1 + r)ᵗ
where Pₜ is the future population, P₀ is the current population, r is the growth rate, and t is the time period.

13. Age-Sex Pyramid Analysis

• Concept: Visual representation showing the distribution of various age groups in a population, typically used to understand demographic trends.
14. Infant mortality =number of deaths of babies/ total number of births below 1 year.