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Geography Model Exam for Remedial Students 2016

PART I: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FROM THE GIVEN ALTERNATIVES

1. Which field of study does not belong to physical geography?
A. Climatology
B. Geomorphology
C. Urban geography
D. Pedology

2. Which one of the following is true?
A. Scope and content in science have a relationship
B. Scope and content in the study of any science do not have a relationship
C. When a scope of any knowledge widens, its content extent also increases
D. A and C

3. Which branch of geography studies about tide, sea-wave, etc.?
A. Oceanography
B. Biogeography
C. Geomorphology
D. Demography

4. Among the given choices, which one best describes the typical aspect of man-environment interaction?
A. Dependency, adaptation, and modification
B. Immobility, exclusion, and isolation
C. Deprecation, exclusion, and isolation
D. Assimilation, amalgamation, and devastation

5. Which statement is correct about geography?
A. Geography consists of a wide field of study
B. Geography has less relation with other subjects
C. Geography is a narrow field of study
D. Geography’s interest is the physical environment only

6. Which one is TRUE of geomorphology?
A. Examines the pattern of climate
B. Studies landforms and their distribution
C. Deals with the distribution of plants and animals
D. Concerned with the distribution of phenomena on earth

7. Which one is relatively the best definition of geography?
A. Geography is the science of the surface of the earth
B. Geography is the superficial form of geology which studies the core of the earth
C. Geography is the study of the variation and distribution of phenomena as well as human interaction with nature
D. Geography is the description of the lithosphere in particular

8. The general trend in the development of geography indicates that its scope is:
A. Wide and limitless
B. Specific and specialized
C. Universal and unbound
D. Interested only in nature elements

9. The marginal information that shows the relationship between distance on the map and ground distance is:
A. Key
B. Scale
C. Title
D. Grid reference

10. Large scale map;
A. Cover a small area than a small-scale map
B. Convey less information than a small-scale map
C. Have scale that lies between 1:50,000 and 1:250,000
D. Are used to cover a large area in detail

11. The process by which ice changes directly into water vapor is referred to as:
A. Conduction
B. Sublimation
C. Condensation
D. All

12. The instrument used to measure wind speed is __.
A. Barometer
B. Wind vane
C. Anemometer
D. Thermometer

13. At the equator, the sun’s rays always strike the earth:
A. At a low angle
B. 18 hours each day
C. At nearly 90° angle
D. No more than 8 hours each day

14. The most densely populated part of Ethiopia is:
A. The enset-growing regions of the SNNPR
B. The southwestern part of Ethiopia
C. The Gambella and Somali regions

15. If the birth rate of a population is 50/1000, and the death rate is 30/1000, then the natural increasing rate is equal to:
A. 8%
B. 80%
C. 2%
D. None

16. Which of the following is the smallest settlement?
A. Hamlet
B. Town
C. Village
D. City

17. One of the following is the largest climatic region in Africa south of the Sahara?
A. The Equatorial Climate
B. Tropical Maritime (Monsoon) Climate
C. The Tropical Desert and Semi-Desert Climate
D. Tropical Continental (Savanna) Climate

18. Which one of the following endemic mammals of Ethiopia is confined to a single locality?
A. Walia Ibex
B. Red Fox
C. Swayne’s Hartebeest
D. Wild Ass

19. __ are lines on maps that show the distribution of equal pressure areas.
A. Isohyets
B. Isodapanes
C. Isobar
D. Isotransport

20. Which of the following is strongly related to the longitudinal location of Ethiopia?
A. The fact that Ethiopia is a member of IGAD
B. The socio-cultural behavior of the people of Ethiopia
C. The fact that Ethiopia is a member of the UN
D. The time zone to which Ethiopia belongs

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📌 Remedial Biology Unit 5 Part 1 - CALII Academy

🔹 Genetics: DNA & RNA

🔹 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Stable, large molecule, double-helix structure 🧬

Composed of nucleotides: Deoxyribose sugar + Phosphate + Nitrogenous base

Bases: Purines (Adenine, Guanine) & Pyrimidines (Thymine, Cytosine)

Strands are complementary & anti-parallel, held together by hydrogen bonds


🔹 RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

Small, single-stranded, quickly degraded 🧪

Composed of Ribose sugar + Phosphate + Nitrogenous base

Bases: Purines (Adenine, Guanine) & Pyrimidines (Uracil, Cytosine)

Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T)

🔹 DNA Replication

Semi-conservative: Each new DNA has one old & one new strand

High fidelity due to proofreading mechanisms

🔹 Key Enzymes in Replication

Topoisomerase – Prevents supercoiling

Helicase – Unzips DNA strands 🔬

RPA/SSBP – Stabilizes single strands

DNA Polymerase – Synthesizes new DNA strand

Primase – Synthesizes RNA primer

Ligase – Joins Okazaki fragments

Telomerase – Extends chromosome ends

🔹 Stages of Replication
1️⃣ Initiation – Origin recognition & unwinding (AT-rich sequences)
2️⃣ Elongation – Continuous synthesis on leading strand, Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
3️⃣ Termination – Ends at telomeres in eukaryotes, preventing chromosome degradation

📌 Replication ensures genetic inheritance & continuity of life!

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🔬 Remedial Chemistry – Unit 6 Part 1
📚 CALII Academy
We Learn for Others

⚖️ Chemical Equilibrium

📌A reversible reaction ♻️ is one where reactants convert into products, but the products can also revert to reactants, forming an equilibrium mixture. For example:

⚗️ H₂(g) + I₂(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

📌Chemical equilibrium:- occurs when macroscopic properties (temperature 🌡️, pressure ⚖️, volume 📏, and concentration ⚗️) remain unchanged over time. In a closed system 🔒, both the forward and reverse reactions continue dynamically, but at equilibrium, their rates become equal ➡️⬅️, leading to no net change in concentration.

For a general reversible reaction:

aA + bB ⇌ mM + nN

Rate of forward reaction 🔄:
rf = kf [A]ᵃ [B]ᵇ

Rate of reverse reaction 🔄:
rb = kb [M]ᵐ [N]ⁿ

At equilibrium, rf = rb, leading to the equilibrium constant expression:

🧪 Kc = [M]ᵐ [N]ⁿ / [A]ᵃ [B]ᵇ

For gases, the equilibrium constant is expressed in partial pressures as Kp 🌬️.

📌 Example Calculation:

For the reaction:

2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g)

Given equilibrium concentrations:
🔹 [SO₂] = 0.90 M
🔹 [O₂] = 0.35 M
🔹 [SO₃] = 1.1 M

The equilibrium constant is:
Kc = [SO₃]² / [SO₂]² [O₂]

📍This concept is fundamental in understanding how reactions reach stability ⚖️ and how external factors influence chemical equilibrium 🔬.

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