Geography
Grade 12
#FinalExamchallenge
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Unit 1: Development of Capitalism and Nationalism (1815–1914)
,Unit 2: Africa and the Colonial Experience (1880s–1960s) ,Unit 3: Social, Economic, and Political Developments in Ethiopia (Mid-19th C. to 1941)
Final Exam – History (Grade 12) Instructions: Select the most appropriate answer for each question.
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1. What was the primary goal of the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
a) To spread liberal revolutions across Europe
b) To establish peace and restore monarchies
c) To industrialize Europe
d) To divide colonial territories among European powers
2. Which of the following was a driving force behind the unification of Italy?
a) Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Red Shirts
b) Otto von Bismarck and Realpolitik
c) The Treaty of Versailles
d) The Franco-Prussian War
3. The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of capitalism primarily because:
a) It increased wealth distribution among all classes
b) It created new technologies and industries that promoted private enterprise
c) It abolished social hierarchies
d) It favored agricultural economies over industrial economies
4. Which country was described as the "Workshop of the World" during the Industrial Revolution?
a) Germany
b) United States
c) Britain
d) France
5. The scramble for Africa in the late 19th century was largely a result of:
a) The European need for raw materials and markets
b) The abolition of the slave trade
c) African invitations to European rulers
d) The decline of European nationalism
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6. What was the significance of the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885?
a) It declared the independence of African nations
b) It abolished the slave trade
c) It divided Africa among European powers without African consent
d) It established the Pan-African movement
7. Which European nation colonized the most extensive territory in Africa by the early 20th century?
a) France
b) Belgium
c) Germany
d) Portugal
8. What system did colonial powers use to extract labor and resources from African societies?
a) Democratic governance
b) Mercantilism
c) Forced labor and taxation
d) Modernization projects
9. The Mau Mau Rebellion (1952–1960) occurred in:
a) South Africa
b) Kenya
c) Nigeria
d) Ghana
10. Which of the following African leaders was instrumental in the independence movement in Ghana?
a) Jomo Kenyatta
b) Kwame Nkrumah
c) Julius Nyerere
d) Haile Selassie
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11. Which Ethiopian emperor is credited with modernizing Ethiopia in the late 19th century?
a) Tewodros II
b) Yohannes IV
c) Menelik II
d) Haile Selassie
12. The Battle of Adwa (1896) was significant because:
a) It marked Ethiopia's colonization by Italy
b) It ensured Ethiopia’s victory over Italian colonial forces
c) It led to the downfall of Menelik II
d) It resulted in Ethiopia joining the League of Nations
13. Which foreign policy strategy did Emperor Menelik II use to resist colonization?
a) Building alliances with European powers
b) Emphasizing isolationism
c) Promoting the slave trade
d) Signing treaties with local African kingdoms
14. What was a major reform introduced by Emperor Haile Selassie in the 1930s?
a) Establishing a written constitution
b) Abolishing the monarchy
c) Removing Ethiopia from the League of Nations
d) Expanding Italian influence in Ethiopia
15. What event marked the end of Ethiopia’s sovereignty during the early 20th century?
a) The Battle of Maqdala (1868)
b) The Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1936)
c) The Eritrean Liberation War
d) The Treaty of Wuchale
Answer
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. b
11. c
12. b
13. a
14. a
15. b
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