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Q- A patient develops severe thrombocytopenia after the use of unfractionated heparin. Which of the following is the best alternative anticoagulant for this patient?
A-Abciximab
B-Lepirudin
C-Plasminogen
D-Vitamin K
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Q- Which one of the following medications is used as a general anesthetic and less likely to cause postoperative nausea and vomiting?
A-Etomidate
B-Methylphenidate
C-Morphine
D-Propofol
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Q- Which of the following medications is considered as the first choice in a recently diagnosed grand mal epilepsy?
A-Ethosuximide
B-Phenytoin
C-Topiramate
D-Tiagabine
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23. What is the impact of adding cetrimide to an emulsion stabilized with sodium oleate?
    A. Stabilizes the emulsion
    B. Inverts the emulsion type
    C. Prevents microbial growth
    D. Causes cracking (breaking)
    Answer: D

24. Which test involves using a filter paper soaked in cobalt chloride solution?
    A. Conductivity test
    B. Dilution test
    C. Dye solubility test
    D. Cobalt chloride paper test
    Answer: D

25. Which emulsifying agent classification includes benzalkonium chloride?
    A. Synthetic Surface active agents
    B. Semi synthetic agents
    C. Natural agents
    D. Finely divided solid particles
    Answer: A

26. Which step of emulsion preparation involves forming a mucilage or paste with the emulsifier and water?
    A. Bottle Method
    B. Continental Method
    C. Dry Gum Method
    D. Wet Gum Method
    Answer: D

27. What is the most common method for preparing emulsions on a small scale?
    A. Mechanical blender
    B. Porcelain mortar and pestle
    C. Hand homogenizer
    D. Simple prescription bottle
    Answer: B

28. Which term refers to the process of dispersing an emulsion in a secondary aqueous phase to form a multiple emulsion?
    A. Creaming
    B. Flocculation
    C. Coalescence
    D. Multiple emulsion preparation
    Answer: D

29. What type of multiple emulsion is used to separate incompatible hydrophilic substances?
    A. O/W/O
    B. W/O/W
    C. Nanoemulsion
    D. Macroemulsion
    Answer: B

30. What does an O/W emulsion with scarlet red C dye appear under the microscope?
    A. Continuous phase red, scattered globules colorless
    B. Scattered globules red, continuous phase colorless
    C. Both phases red
    D. Both phases colorless
    Answer: B

31. What characteristic of emulsifiers prevents coalescence by forming a rigid interfacial film?
    A. Reduction in interfacial tension
    B. Electrical double layer formation
    C. Mechanical barrier to coalescence
    D. Thermodynamic stabilization
    Answer: C

32. Which preservative is a broad spectrum agent in the mercurials class?
    A. Benzoic acid
    B. Phenol
    C. Chlorhexidine
    D. Phenyl mercuric acetate
    Answer: D

33. What is a key advantage of O/W emulsions for oral administration?
    A. Greasy texture
    B. Improved bioavailability
    C. Short shelf-life
    D. Difficult to mask taste
    Answer: B

34. Which emulsifying agent can be described as a hydrocolloid of animal origin?
    A. Acacia
    B. Agar
    C. Cholesterol
    D. Starch
    Answer: C

35. What type of emulsion is used for the topical application of water-soluble drugs?
    A. W/O
    B. O/W
    C. Multiple
    D. Nanoemulsion
    Answer: B

36. What is a primary use of emulsions in diagnostic purposes?
    A. X-ray examination
    B. Oral administration
    C. Topical application
    D. Depot therapy
    Answer: A

37. What is the effect of the addition of large ions of opposite charge to an emulsion?
    A. Stabilization
    B. Phase inversion
    C. Cracking (Breaking)
    D. Flocculation
    Answer: C

38. Which emulsion instability is due to density differences between the phases?
    A. Coalescence
    B. Flocculation
    C. Sedimentation
    D. Creaming
    Answer: D

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questions on emulsion (ipp)


1. What is an emulsion?
   A. A solid dispersed in a liquid
   B. A liquid dispersed in a gas
   C. A liquid dispersed in another immiscible liquid
   D. A gas dispersed in a solid
   Answer: C

2. What is the term for the liquid in which droplets are dispersed in an emulsion?
   A. Internal phase
   B. Discontinuous phase
   C. Continuous phase
   D. Droplet phase
   Answer: C

3. Which type of emulsion is described as oil droplets dispersed in water?
   A. W/O
   B. O/W
   C. Multiple
   D. Nanoemulsion
   Answer: B

4. Which test involves adding an emulsion to water or oil to determine its type?
   A. Conductivity test
   B. Dye solubility test
   C. Cobalt chloride paper test
   D. Dilution test
   Answer: D

5. Which emulsifying agent classification relies on adsorption to interfaces?
   A. Synthetic Surface active agents
   B. Semi synthetic agents
   C. Natural agents
   D. Finely divided solid particles
   Answer: D

6. What is the desired characteristic of a preservative used in emulsions?
   A. Highly toxic
   B. Effective against fungus, yeast, and bacteria
   C. Unstable to heat and storage
   D. Incompatible with other ingredients
   Answer: B

7. What type of emulsion is recommended for intravenous administration?
   A. W/O
   B. O/W
   C. Multiple
   D. Nanoemulsion
   Answer: B

8. What type of agent is typically used to reduce the interfacial tension in emulsions?
   A. Thickening agents
   B. Gelling agents
   C. Surfactants
   D. Preservatives
   Answer: C

9. Which method of emulsion preparation involves mixing the gum with oil before adding water?
   A. Wet Gum Method
   B. Continental Method
   C. Bottle Method
   D. Forbes Method
   Answer: B

10. Which of the following is an example of an antioxidant used in emulsions?
    A. Benzoic acid
    B. Gallic acid
    C. Phenol
    D. Benzalkonium chloride
    Answer: B

11. What is the term for the phase that forms a coherent, water-repellent film in W/O emulsions?
    A. Continuous phase
    B. Droplet phase
    C. Discontinuous phase
    D. External phase
    Answer: A

12. Which test is used to determine the conductivity of an emulsion?
    A. Dilution test
    B. Dye solubility test
    C. Conductivity test
    D. Cobalt chloride paper test
    Answer: C

13. What is the effect of creaming in emulsions?
    A. Reversible instability
    B. Irreversible instability
    C. Increased globule size
    D. Reduced number of globules
    Answer: A

14. Which emulsion type can be described as producing a positive conductivity test?
    A. O/W
    B. W/O
    C. Multiple
    D. Nanoemulsion
    Answer: A

15. Which process is characterized by droplets merging to form larger particles?
    A. Creaming
    B. Flocculation
    C. Coalescence
    D. Sedimentation
    Answer: C

16. What should be the concentration of dispersed phase for optimal emulsion stability?
    A. 10-20%
    B. 20-30%
    C. 30-60%
    D. 70-80%
    Answer: C

17. Which method is useful for the preparation of emulsions with volatile and non-viscous oils?
    A. Wet Gum Method
    B. Dry Gum Method
    C. Bottle Method
    D. Continental Method
    Answer: C

18. What type of multiple emulsion consists of oil droplets surrounded by an aqueous phase?
    A. O/W/O
    B. W/O/W
    C. Nanoemulsion
    D. Macroemulsion
    Answer: B
19. Which natural hydrocolloid emulsifying agent is of plant origin?
    A. Gelatin
    B. Cholesterol
    C. Acacia
    D. Wool fat
    Answer: C

20. Which physical instability involves the oil separating from water to form a continuous layer?
    A. Coalescence
    B. Flocculation
    C. Phase inversion
    D. Breaking (Cracking)    Answer: D

21. What is the phase in W/O emulsions where water is dispersed?
    A. Continuous phase
    B. Internal phase
    C. Discontinuous phase
    D. Droplet phase
    Answer: C
22. Which type of emulsion is generally preferred for external use due to its cooling effect?
    A. W/O
    B. O/W
    C. Multiple
    D. Nanoemulsion
    Answer: B
source : #Apothecary wizard
@PharmacyRxplus

pharmaceutical suspensions(ipp) along with their answers:

1. What is the dispersed phase in a pharmaceutical suspension?
   A. Water
   B. Oil
   C. Insoluble solid particles
   D. Immiscible liquid
   Answer: C

2. What is the size range of particles in the internal phase of a pharmaceutical suspension?
   A. 0.1 to 1 micron
   B. 0.5 to 5 microns
   C. 10 to 50 microns
   D. 50 to 100 microns
   Answer: B

3. What is the primary reason for formulating a pharmaceutical suspension?
   A. To increase solubility
   B. To mask the bitter taste of the drug
   C. To improve drug absorption
   D. To reduce the dosage frequency
   Answer: B

4. Which of the following is an example of an antacid oral suspension?
   A. Tetracycline suspension
   B. Calamine lotion
   C. Paracetamol suspension
   D. Magnesium hydroxide suspension
   Answer: D

5. What type of suspension has solid particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 microns?
   A. Coarse suspension
   B. Colloidal suspension
   C. Nano suspension
   D. Macro suspension
   Answer: A

6. What is the purpose of a wetting agent in a suspension?
   A. To increase viscosity
   B. To prevent microbial growth
   C. To reduce interfacial tension
   D. To enhance taste
   Answer: C

7. What is the effect of sedimentation in a suspension?
   A. Increase in drug stability
   B. Improved drug absorption
   C. Settling of particles
   D. Increased viscosity
   Answer: C

8. What factor can influence the rate of sedimentation in a suspension?
   A. Color of the suspension
   B. Particle size
   C. Odor of the suspension
   D. Taste of the suspension
   Answer: B

9. What is Brownian movement?
   A. Movement of particles due to gravitational force
   B. Random motion of particles
   C. Sedimentation of particles
   D. Agglomeration of particles
   Answer: B

10. What does high zeta potential indicate in a suspension?
    A. Higher rate of sedimentation
    B. Increased viscosity
    C. Enhanced drug stability
    D. Repulsion between particles
    Answer: D

11. What is flocculation in a suspension?
    A. Separation of particles
    B. Formation of aggregates
    C. Decrease in zeta potential
    D. Increase in viscosity
    Answer: B

12. Which of the following agents is used to achieve controlled flocculation?
    A. Electrolytes
    B. Preservatives
    C. Coloring agents
    D. Flavoring agents
    Answer: A

13. Which suspending agent is known for providing thixotropy to the media?
    A. Acacia
    B. Gelatin
    C. Xanthan gum
    D. Starch
    Answer: C

14. What is the primary function of a suspending agent?
    A. To increase drug solubility
    B. To decrease interfacial tension
    C. To form a film around particles and increase viscosity
    D. To mask the taste of the drug
    Answer: C

15. What is the most commonly used solvent for wetting in suspensions?
    A. Ethanol
    B. Glycerin
    C. Water
    D. Polyethylene glycol
    Answer: B

16. What is the main purpose of adding preservatives to a suspension?
    A. To enhance taste
    B. To prevent microbial contamination
    C. To increase viscosity
    D. To improve appearance
    Answer: B

17. What type of emulsifying agent includes xanthan gum?
    A. Synthetic Surface active agents
    B. Semi synthetic agents
    C. Natural agents
    D. Finely divided solid particles
    Answer: C

18. Which method is used to evaluate the sedimentation rate in suspensions?
    A. Conductivity test
    B. Dye solubility test
    C. Sedimentation volume
    D. Coalescence test
    Answer: C

19. What is the desired characteristic of an oral pharmaceutical suspension?
    A. Easy to pour and non-gritty
    B. High viscosity and difficult to shake
    C. Light color and odorless
    D. Thick and difficult to administer
    Answer: A

20. Which factor affects the rheological properties of a suspension?
    A. Particle size
    B. Sedimentation rate
    C. Density of particles
    D. Viscosity
    Answer: D

Source : #Apothecary wizard

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ክፍያቸውን ለፈፀሙ የግል ከፍተኛ ትምህርት ተቋማት የመውጫ ፈተና ውጤት ዛሬ ተለቋል።

በግል የከፍተኛ ትምህርት ተቋማት የ2017 ዓ.ም አጋማሽ ዓመት የመውጫ ፈተና የወሰዱ ተፈታኞች ውጤት ሳይለቀቅ መዘግየቱይታወቃል።

ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የመውጫ ፈተና የሚወስዱ የግል ከፍተኛ ትምህርት ተቋማት ተፈታኞችን ክፍያ የሚፈፅሙት ተቋማት ክፍያቸውን ሳያደርጉ በመዘግየታቸው የተፈታኞቹ ውጤት ሳይለቀቅ ቆይቷል።

ተቋማቱ ክፍያውን በመፈፀማቸው የተማሪዎቹ ውጤት ዛሬ ለየተቋማቱ መለቀቁን የኢትዮጵያ የግል ከፍተኛ ትምህርት እና ቴክኒክና ሙያ ትምህርትና ስልጠና ተቋማት ማህበር ለቲክቫህ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ገልጿል።

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#ExitExamResult

➡" የፈተናው ውጤት ተለቆ ለሁሉም ዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ተልኳል " - የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር አመራር

🔴" የፈተና ውጤት ሁሉም ዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ጋር መጥቷል " -  የኢትዮጵያ ተማሪዎች ኅብረት

የሀገር አቀፍ መውጫ ፈተና ውጤት ለዩኒቨርሲቲዎች መላኩን የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር ለቲክቫህ ኢትዮጵያ ገልጿል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር ከፍተኛ አመራር ለቲክቫህ ኢትዮጵያ በሰጡት አጭር ቃል ፥ " ፈተናው ተለቆ ለዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ተልኳል " ብለዋል።

" በነገራችን ላይ ለዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ነው የሚላከው ሊንኩም ይላክላቸዋል። ውጤት ሁሉም ዩኒቨርሲቲ ጋር ደርሷል " ሲሉ ገልጸዋል።

ምን ያክል ተማሪ አለፈ ? ለሚለው የቲክቫህ ኢትዮጵያ ጥያቄ " ውጤቱ አሁን ስለተለቀቀና ለተቋማት ስለተላከ አጠቃላይ ዳታውን የምናየው ነገ ነው " ብለዋል።

የኢትዮጵያ ተማሪዎች ኅብረት ቡኩሉ፣  " ውጤቱ ተለቋል። የሁሉም ዩኒቨርሲቲ መጥቷል " ሲል ለቲክቫህ ኢትዮጵያ ገልጿል።

ውጤት መመልከቻ ሊንኩ ደርሷችኋል ? ስንል ላቀረብንለት ጥያቄ በሰጠን ምላሽ ደግሞ፣ " ዝም ብሎ ውጤቱ ነው የመጣው " የሚል አጭር ምላሽ ሰጥቷል።

ውጤሁ  ለየዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ሬጅስትራር መላኩን የገለጸው ኅብረቱ ተፈታኞች ውጤታቸውን በየዩኒቨርሲቲያቸው / ካምፓሳቸው #ከነገ ጀምሮ ማየት እንደሚችሉ ገልጿል።

ቲክቫህ ኢትዮጵያ የፈተናው ውጤት በኦንላይ የሚታይበት መንገድ ካላ ጠይቆ ያቀርባል።

@tikvahethiopia

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https//:result.ethernet.edu.et ላይ በመግባት ExitExam የሚለውን በመምረጥና የራስዎን User Name በማስገባት ውጤትዎን መመልከት ይችላሉ።

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