Vertical Gene Transfer (Prokaryotic Gene Exchange
Prokaryotes can acquire genes through:
1. Transformation
: Bacteria take up foreign DNA from the environment.
To memorize 😁
A chef (bacteria) picks up a lost recipe (DNA) from the floor and learns a new dish.
2. Transduction
: Viruses transfer DNA from one bacterium to another.
To memorize 😁
A delivery guy (virus) takes a recipe from one chef and gives it to another.
3. Conjugation
Two bacteria connect via a sex pilus, transferring genetic material.
To memorize 😄
Two computers (bacteria) connect via a USB cable (sex pilus) and share a file (DNA).👩💻👨💻🎗️
Conjugation in E. coli
;- F+ cell (donors) contain the F factor (plasmid), enabling gene transfer.
:- F genes code for sex pili and enzymes, sometimes carrying antibiotic resistance.
:-The sex pilus of F+ cells forms a conjugation bridge, allowing DNA transfer.
:-The F plasmid replicates and transfers to the recipient (F- cell), which then becomes F+.
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