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Advanced Human Biology & Health – 20  Multiple-Choice Questions With Answer

1. Which part of the brain is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Choroid plexus
C) Corpus callosum
D) Medulla oblongata

Answer: B) Choroid plexus

2. What is the primary role of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the human body?

A) Break down proteins
B) Regulate pH by converting CO₂ and H₂O into carbonic acid
C) Digest carbohydrates
D) Catalyze ATP synthesis

Answer: B) Regulate pH by converting CO₂ and H₂O into carbonic acid

3. What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

A) Pump oxygenated blood
B) Act as the pacemaker
C) Regulate blood pressure
D) Transport electrical signals to the lungs

Answer: B) Act as the pacemaker

4. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for attacking and destroying virus-infected cells?

A) B cells
B) Macrophages
C) Natural killer (NK) cells
D) Neutrophils

Answer: C) Natural killer (NK) cells

5. What type of collagen is the most abundant in human bones?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV

Answer: A) Type I

6. What is the function of the enzyme helicase in DNA replication?

A) Seals gaps between Okazaki fragments
B) Unwinds the DNA double helix
C) Synthesizes RNA primers
D) Proofreads DNA strands

Answer: B) Unwinds the DNA double helix

7. Which of the following hormones increases glucose levels in the blood?

A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
D) Oxytocin

Answer: B) Glucagon

8. Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for transmitting signals across neuromuscular junctions?

A) Dopamine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) GABA

Answer: B) Acetylcholine

9. Which vitamin is essential for the proper clotting of blood?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K

Answer: D) Vitamin K

10. What is the main function of albumin in the blood?

A) Carry oxygen
B) Maintain osmotic pressure
C) Aid in clotting
D) Fight infections

Answer: B) Maintain osmotic pressure

11. Which of the following is the largest lymphatic organ in the human body?

A) Lymph node
B) Thymus
C) Spleen
D) Appendix

Answer: C) Spleen

12. The myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers in the central nervous system is produced by which type of cell?

A) Schwann cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglia

Answer: C) Oligodendrocytes

13. What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

A) Absorb oxygen
B) Increase mucus production
C) Reduce surface tension in alveoli
D) Transport carbon dioxide

Answer: C) Reduce surface tension in alveoli

14. What is the primary cause of sickle cell anemia?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Mutation in the hemoglobin gene
C) Lack of vitamin B12
D) Malfunctioning bone marrow

Answer: B) Mutation in the hemoglobin gene

15. Which part of the kidney is responsible for filtering blood?

A) Loop of Henle
B) Nephron
C) Glomerulus
D) Collecting duct

Answer: C) Glomerulus

16. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the absorption of fats?

A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus

Answer: B) Small intestine

17. The parasympathetic nervous system mainly uses which neurotransmitter?

A) Dopamine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Glutamate

Answer: B) Acetylcholine

18. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

A) Uvula
B) Epiglottis
C) Soft palate
D) Pharynx

Answer: B) Epiglottis

19. Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?

A) Thyroxine
B) Calcitonin
C) Insulin
D) Adrenaline

Answer: B) Calcitonin

20. What is the function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

A) Produce sperm
B) Secrete progesterone
C) Stimulate ovulation
D) Store eggs

Answer: B) Secrete progesterone