QUBEE ACADEMY

Biology Grade 11 Unit 4 part 4
Protein synthesis

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▌Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) Biology Unit 3 Energy Transformation

#Target Grade #12

1. Which of the following best defines metabolism?
a) The breakdown of complex molecules
b) The sum of all chemical reactions within a cell
c) The synthesis of biomolecules
d) The process of releasing energy

2. How does anabolism differ from catabolism?
a) Anabolism releases energy, while catabolism consumes energy.
b) Anabolism is a constructive process, while catabolism is a destructive process.
c) Anabolism occurs in mitochondria, while catabolism occurs in chloroplasts.
d) Anabolism breaks down glucose, while catabolism builds proteins.

3. In what part of a plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?
a) Root
b) Stem
c) Leaf
d) Flower

4. What is the primary function of stomata in leaves?
a) Absorbing sunlight
b) Regulating gas exchange and controlling water loss
c) Synthesizing chlorophyll
d) Storing carbohydrates

5. Which layer of a leaf contains the highest concentration of chloroplasts?
a) Spongy mesophyll
b) Palisade mesophyll
c) Epidermis
d) Cuticle

6. In which of the following organisms is chlorophyll "a" found?
a) All plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
b) Only green algae
c) Rhodophyta
d) Fungi

7. What is the function of carotenoids in photosynthesis?
a) They serve as primary light absorbers.
b) They act as accessory pigments that transfer energy to chlorophyll.
c) They function as waterproofing agents in leaves.
d) They act as enzymes for glucose synthesis.

8. Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Mitochondria
d) Cytoplasm

9. Where does the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) occur?
a) Thylakoid lumen
b) Stroma
c) Grana
d) Epidermis

10. Which of the following is produced during the light-dependent reactions?
a) CO₂
b) ATP and NADPH
c) Glucose
d) O₂ only

▌Answers and Explanations

1. Answer: b) The sum of all chemical reactions within a cell
Explanation: Metabolism encompasses both catabolic (breakdown) and anabolic (synthesis) reactions.

2. Answer: b) Anabolism is a constructive process, while catabolism is a destructive process.
Explanation: Anabolism builds complex molecules (e.g., proteins), whereas catabolism breaks them down.

3. Answer: c) Leaf
Explanation: Leaves contain mesophyll cells, which are rich in chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis.

4. Answer: b) Regulating gas exchange and controlling water loss
Explanation: Stomata, controlled by guard cells, regulate CO₂ intake and the release of O₂ and H₂O.

5. Answer: b) Palisade mesophyll
Explanation: Palisade cells are densely packed with chloroplasts to maximize light absorption.

6. Answer: a) All plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
Explanation: Chlorophyll "a" is the primary photosynthetic pigment in most photosynthetic organisms.

7. Answer: b) They act as accessory pigments that transfer energy to chlorophyll.
Explanation: Carotenoids absorb wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot and transfer the energy.

8. Answer: b) Thylakoid membrane
Explanation: Light-dependent reactions utilize the thylakoid membranes to capture light energy.

9. Answer: b) Stroma
Explanation: The stroma contains the enzymes necessary for glucose synthesis during the Calvin cycle.

10. Answer: b) ATP and NADPH
Explanation: ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions provide the energy and reducing power to drive the Calvin cycle; O₂ is a byproduct.

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