Unit 2: Biochemical Molecules 🧪 | CALII Academy 📚
Organic Molecules 🌱

Living organisms need biomolecules for survival. These molecules are made from six key elements:
Carbon (C)🧩, Hydrogen (H)💧, Oxygen (O)🌬, Nitrogen (N)🧪, Phosphorus (P)🔥, and Sulfur (S)🌿.

These elements combine to form four main organic compounds:
1️⃣ Carbohydrates 🍞
2️⃣ Lipids 🧈
3️⃣ Proteins 🍗
4️⃣ Nucleic Acids 🧬
Carbohydrates 🍞

Composed of C, H & O in the ratio of (CH₂O)n.
Primary energy source for cells.
Classified into Monosaccharides, Disaccharides & Polysaccharides.

1️⃣ Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars) 🍬

Basic unit (monomer) of carbohydrates.
Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose (Hexoses), Ribose, Deoxyribose (Pentoses).
Functions:
✅ Energy source for cells ⚡️
✅ Building blocks for DNA & RNA 🧬
✅ Stored as starch (plants) 🌿 & glycogen (animals) 🏋️
✅ Forms cellulose in plant cell walls 🌱

2️⃣ Disaccharides (Double Sugars) 🍯

Formed by condensation reaction (removal of water 💧).
Linked by glycosidic bonds 🔗.
Examples:
✅ Maltose (Glucose + Glucose) – Found in germinating grains 🌾
✅ Lactose (Glucose + Galactose) – Found in milk 🥛
✅ Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose) – Common table sugar 🍭

3️⃣ Polysaccharides (Complex Carbs) 🍚

Long chains of monosaccharides.
Function as energy storage & structural support.
Examples:
✅ Starch – Energy storage in plants 🌾
✅ Glycogen – Energy storage in animals 🏋️
✅ Cellulose – Forms plant cell walls 🌿
✅ Chitin – Found in fungal cell walls & arthropod exoskeletons 🦗

Polysaccharides are insoluble, making them ideal for storage and structural roles! 🏗✨

📖 CALII Academy - Simplifying Learning! 🎓

Part 1
Remedial Biology
Unit 2 Join for More CALII Academy