Welcome 👋👋👋👋👋👋👋 geo part 6
✌️🌍 Sahara Desert 🏜️

*   📏 Size: 9.2 million sq km enormity; largest hot desert globally 🔥
*   📍 Location: Covers most of North Africa 🗺️; from Atlantic coast (west) 🌊 to Red Sea (east) 🌅.
*   Boundaries 🚧:
    *   North: Mediterranean Sea 🌊 & Atlas Mountains ⛰️.
    *   South: Sudan 🇸🇩 & the Sahel region 🌾.
*   🗺️ Countries: Spans parts or all of Algeria 🇩🇿, Chad 🇹🇩, Egypt 🇪🇬, Libya 🇱🇾, Mali 🇲🇱, Mauritania 🇲🇷, Morocco 🇲🇦, Niger 🇳🇪, Sudan 🇸🇩, and Tunisia 🇹🇳.
*   🏞️ Landscape:
    *   Dominantly sand 🏖️; vast quantities of reddish sand dunes (ergs) 🏜️.
    *   Desert pavements of pebbles on flat sand sheets (regs) 🪨.

✌️☝️🌳 The Savanna 🦁

*   📍 Location: Transitional region between rainforest 🌴 and the Sahel grasslands 🌾.
*   Description 📝: Tropical grassland with few trees and shrubs 🌴🌳.
*   🌿 Vegetation:
    *   Drought-resistant trees and shrubs 🌵.
    *   Trees and shrubs often shed leaves in the dry season 🍂 (adaptation to reduce water loss 💧).
*   🌳 Types:
    *   Woodland Savanna: Widely spaced trees (due to limited soil moisture in the dry season) 🌲, dense lower layer of grasses 🌾. Open, park-like appearance. Medium height trees with flattened or umbrella-shaped crowns ⛱️.
    *   Thorn Tree Tall Grass Savanna: (Implied but not described in detail in this text) 🌵🌾
*   🌲 Tree Adaptations:
    *   Xerophytic forms with small leaves and thorns 🌵.
    *   Broad-leaved deciduous species that shed leaves in the dry season 🍂.
    *   Fire-resistant 🔥.
*   🔥 Fire: Frequent fires occur in the dry season 🔥.

✌️✌️🌾 The Sahel 🐪

*   📍 Location: Semiarid region south of the Sahara Desert 🏜️, forming a transitional zone. Part of the northern Sudan region 🇸🇩.
*   Meaning 📜: "Shore" in Arabic; the southern edge of the Sahara.
*   📏 Extent: 5,000 km stretch from Mauritania & Senegal 🇸🇳 (west) to Somalia 🇸🇴 (east).
*   🗺️ Countries: Mauritania 🇲🇷, Senegal 🇸🇳, Mali 🇲🇱, Niger 🇳🇪, Nigeria 🇳🇬, Burkina Faso 🇧🇫, Chad 🇹🇩, Sudan 🇸🇩, and Eritrea 🇪🇷.
*   🏞️ Landscape:
    *   Grasslands and savannahs 🌾.
    *   Scrub areas to the north 🌿, trees (mainly acacias) in the south 🌳.
    *   Natural pasture; low grass and tall herbaceous perennials 🌱.
*   🧑‍🌾 Land Use: Forage for livestock (camels 🐪, pack oxen 🐂, cattle 🐄, and sheep 🐑).
*   🔄 Transition: Similar to savanna, but merging into desert due to human activity & climate change ⚠️.

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