Unit 4: Genetics for Grade 11 Biology (New Curriculum).

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1. Who is considered the father of genetics?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Alfred Wallace

2. The unit of heredity is known as a:
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Protein
D. Ribosome

3. What is the phenotypic ratio in the offspring of a monohybrid cross (heterozygous parents)?
A. 1:1
B. 3:1
C. 9:3:3:1
D. 2:2

4. The alternative forms of a gene are called:
A. Chromatids
B. Alleles
C. Loci
D. Codons

5. Which of the following is an example of a recessive trait in humans?
A. Brown eyes
B. Free earlobes
C. Blue eyes
D. Dark skin

6. The process by which DNA is copied is called:
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Mutation

7. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A. mRNA
B. rRNA
C. tRNA
D. siRNA

8. If an individual has two identical alleles for a gene, they are said to be:
A. Heterozygous
B. Homozygous
C. Codominant
D. Polygenic

9. The physical expression of a gene is known as the:
A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Karyotype
D. Codon

10. A dihybrid cross involves parents that differ in how many traits?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

11. If a trait is sex-linked, it is most commonly located on the:
A. X chromosome
B. Y chromosome
C. Autosomes
D. Mitochondria

12. What is the expected genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?
A. 1:2:1
B. 3:1
C. 9:3:3:1
D. 4:0

13. Mutations in DNA can result in:
A. No effect
B. A beneficial effect
C. A harmful effect
D. All of the above

14. The principle of independent assortment applies to:
A. Genes on the same chromosome
B. Genes on different chromosomes
C. Linked genes
D. Mitochondrial genes

15. In incomplete dominance, the phenotype of heterozygotes is:
A. Identical to the dominant homozygote
B. A blend of the two parental phenotypes
C. Identical to the recessive homozygote
D. None of the above

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Answers:
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. B