23. A mutation in the DNA sequence leads to a premature stop codon in the mRNA. What is the likely consequence?
(a) A longer-than-normal polypeptide will be produced.
(b) A shorter-than-normal polypeptide will be produced.
(c) The polypeptide will have the wrong amino acid sequence.
(d) Protein synthesis will not be affected.
24. What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
(a) To catalyze peptide bond formation.
(b) To ensure that the correct tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA codon.
(c) To attach the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule.
(d) To transport ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum.
25. What is the role of initiation factors in translation?
(a) They help deliver the tRNA with the correct amino acid to the A site.
(b) They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.
(c) They help assemble the ribosome on the mRNA and initiate translation.
(d) They recognize stop codons and terminate translation.
26. Which site on the ribosome does the tRNA molecule carrying the growing polypeptide chain occupy?
(a) A site (aminoacyl site)
(b) P site (peptidyl site)
(c) E site (exit site)
(d) mRNA binding site
27. What is meant by the 'wobble hypothesis' in translation?
(a) tRNA molecules can move freely around the ribosome.
(b) The third nucleotide in a codon can exhibit less strict base pairing with the anticodon.
(c) Ribosomes can change their shape to accommodate different mRNA sequences.
(d) mRNA molecules can fold into complex three-dimensional structures.
28. What is a polysome?
(a) A complex of DNA and histone proteins.
(b) A group of ribosomes translating the same mRNA molecule simultaneously.
(c) A type of RNA polymerase.
(d) A structure involved in RNA splicing.
29. Which of the following modifications may occur to a protein after translation (post-translational modification)?
(a) Addition of a signal sequence
(b) Folding with the help of chaperones
(c) Glycosylation (addition of sugars)
(d) All of the above
30. What is the primary difference between protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes concerning location and timing?
(a) Only eukaryotes use ribosomes.
(b) In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
(c) Only prokaryotes use tRNA.
(d) Only eukaryotes use mRNA.
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(a) A longer-than-normal polypeptide will be produced.
(b) A shorter-than-normal polypeptide will be produced.
(c) The polypeptide will have the wrong amino acid sequence.
(d) Protein synthesis will not be affected.
24. What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
(a) To catalyze peptide bond formation.
(b) To ensure that the correct tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA codon.
(c) To attach the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule.
(d) To transport ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum.
25. What is the role of initiation factors in translation?
(a) They help deliver the tRNA with the correct amino acid to the A site.
(b) They catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.
(c) They help assemble the ribosome on the mRNA and initiate translation.
(d) They recognize stop codons and terminate translation.
26. Which site on the ribosome does the tRNA molecule carrying the growing polypeptide chain occupy?
(a) A site (aminoacyl site)
(b) P site (peptidyl site)
(c) E site (exit site)
(d) mRNA binding site
27. What is meant by the 'wobble hypothesis' in translation?
(a) tRNA molecules can move freely around the ribosome.
(b) The third nucleotide in a codon can exhibit less strict base pairing with the anticodon.
(c) Ribosomes can change their shape to accommodate different mRNA sequences.
(d) mRNA molecules can fold into complex three-dimensional structures.
28. What is a polysome?
(a) A complex of DNA and histone proteins.
(b) A group of ribosomes translating the same mRNA molecule simultaneously.
(c) A type of RNA polymerase.
(d) A structure involved in RNA splicing.
29. Which of the following modifications may occur to a protein after translation (post-translational modification)?
(a) Addition of a signal sequence
(b) Folding with the help of chaperones
(c) Glycosylation (addition of sugars)
(d) All of the above
30. What is the primary difference between protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes concerning location and timing?
(a) Only eukaryotes use ribosomes.
(b) In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
(c) Only prokaryotes use tRNA.
(d) Only eukaryotes use mRNA.
Answer Key:
1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (c)
6. (c)
7. (b)
8. (c)
9. (d)
10. (c)
11. (c)
12. (b)
13. (c)
14. (b)
15. (b)
16. (b)
17. (c)
18. (c)
19. (c)
20. (c)
21. (c)
22. (c)
23. (b)
24. (c)
25. (c)
26. (b)
27. (b)
28. (b)
29. (d)
30. (b)
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